Specialist assessment and management of osteoporosis, osteopenia, and metabolic bone disease. Expert DEXA interpretation, fracture risk assessment, and evidence-based treatment planning from Dr Kazmi, Consultant Endocrinologist.
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterised by low bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. It is often called a "silent disease" because bone loss occurs without symptoms until a fracture occurs.
Fractures associated with osteoporosis — particularly hip, vertebral, and wrist fractures — are a major cause of pain, disability, loss of independence, and premature death in older adults. In Ireland, approximately one in two women and one in four men over the age of 50 will experience a fragility fracture during their lifetime.
Osteopenia refers to bone density that is lower than normal peak bone density but not yet low enough to be classified as osteoporosis. It represents a stage at which intervention can prevent progression.
Dr Kazmi provides comprehensive assessment of bone health, integrating DEXA scan results with clinical context, fracture risk tools, and investigation of secondary causes of bone loss to develop an individualised management plan.
Expert interpretation of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan results, explaining T-scores and Z-scores in the context of clinical risk factors, and advising on the significance of bone density measurements.
Comprehensive FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool) calculation incorporating clinical risk factors to estimate 10-year major osteoporotic fracture probability, guiding treatment decisions.
Investigation for secondary causes of osteoporosis including Vitamin D deficiency, primary hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcaemia, malabsorption, hypogonadism, thyroid disease, and steroid-induced bone loss.
Evidence-based osteoporosis treatment including bisphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate, zoledronate), denosumab, calcium and Vitamin D supplementation, and falls prevention advice.
Measurement and management of Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, which is highly prevalent in Ireland and closely linked to bone health, muscle function, and overall health.
Assessment and management of primary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcaemia — common endocrine conditions that frequently present with low bone density or incidental elevated calcium on blood testing.
The term metabolic bone disease encompasses a broader group of disorders affecting bone mineralisation, density, and turnover. At our endocrinology clinic, we assess and manage conditions including:
Primary hyperparathyroidism — excess parathyroid hormone (PTH) leading to hypercalcaemia, bone resorption, and increased kidney stone risk. Often discovered incidentally on routine bloods. May require surgical referral for parathyroidectomy in symptomatic or high-calcium cases.
Osteomalacia (adult rickets) — impaired bone mineralisation due to severe vitamin D deficiency or calcium malabsorption, presenting with bone pain, muscle weakness, and proximal myopathy.
Steroid-induced osteoporosis — one of the most common causes of secondary osteoporosis, affecting patients on long-term corticosteroids for conditions including asthma, IBD, and rheumatological disease.
All bone health consultations are led by Dr Syed Kashif Hussain Kazmi, Consultant Endocrinologist (IMC: 213626).
Book a private bone health consultation with Dr Kazmi, Consultant Endocrinologist. Expert assessment, DEXA interpretation, and personalised management planning.